Centrism

Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to the left or the right.^[1]

Both centre-left and centre-right politics involve a general association with centrism that is combined with leaning somewhat to their respective sides of the left–right political spectrum. Various political ideologies, such as Christian democracy,^[2] Pancasila,^[3]^[4]^[5] and certain forms of liberalism like social liberalism,^[6] can be classified as centrist, as can the Third Way,^[7] a modern political movement that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating for a synthesis of centre-right economic platforms with centre-left social policies.^[8]^[9]

^ Woshinsky, Oliver H.. (2008). Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior. Taylor & Francis. pp. 141, 161. ISBN 978-0-203-93318-3. OCLC 1251767064.
^ Boswell, Jonathan (2013). Community and the Economy: The Theory of Public Co-operation. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1136159015.
^ Tehusijarana, Karina M.; Arbi, Ivany Atina (24 August 2019). "Weaponizing Pancasila". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ Aspinall, Edward; Fossati, Diego; Muhtadi, Burhanuddin; Warburton, Eve (24 April 2018). "Mapping the Indonesian political spectrum". New Mandala. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ Arif, Syaiful (17 October 2020). "Soekarno and the Social Centrism of Pancasila". Kompas. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ Slomp, Hans (2000). European Politics Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration and Division. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0275968146.
^ Forrester, Katrina (18 November 2019). "The crisis of liberalism: why centrist politics can no longer explain the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
^ Bobbio, Norberto (1996). Cameron, Allan (ed.). Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-06245-7. OCLC 35001802.
^ "UK Politics — What is the Third Way?". BBC News. 27 September 1999. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

[1] Woshinsky, Oliver H.. (2008). Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior. Taylor & Francis. pp. 141, 161. ISBN 978-0-203-93318-3. OCLC 1251767064.

[2] Boswell, Jonathan (2013). Community and the Economy: The Theory of Public Co-operation. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1136159015.

[3] Tehusijarana, Karina M.; Arbi, Ivany Atina (24 August 2019). "Weaponizing Pancasila". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

[4] Aspinall, Edward; Fossati, Diego; Muhtadi, Burhanuddin; Warburton, Eve (24 April 2018). "Mapping the Indonesian political spectrum". New Mandala. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

[5] Arif, Syaiful (17 October 2020). "Soekarno and the Social Centrism of Pancasila". Kompas. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

[6] Slomp, Hans (2000). European Politics Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration and Division. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0275968146.

[7] Forrester, Katrina (18 November 2019). "The crisis of liberalism: why centrist politics can no longer explain the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

[8] Bobbio, Norberto (1996). Cameron, Allan (ed.). Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-06245-7. OCLC 35001802.

[BBC-9] "UK Politics — What is the Third Way?". BBC News. 27 September 1999. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

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